The following text is an excerpt from my humble effort “The Truth Beckons”. It’s a detailed version of “The Truth Beckons”, the one which is here on my blog and the one you must have received as a power point presentation. Alhumdulillah (All praise be to Allah), this booklet is almost complete, but it will take a while to see the light of the day. InshaAllah you will get to know once its ready to be delivered in your service.
(The numbers in the brackets indicate that they have been explained at the end of this post.)
Excerpt
The biggest misconception about Islam (1)is that Muhammad (peace be upon him) is its founder and it’s a religion of Muslims. Before discussing about what Islam is and what does the word Muslim mean, first it’s imperative to discuss religion in brief.
Generally it is understood that religion only means acts which involves worship of God. But such an erroneous way of thinking is the result of ignorance and lack of knowledge. In fact religion is the very foundation on which man’s life is build upon. It tells man who is he? What’s the purpose of his creation? Who is his Creator and what he expects from him? Religion means way of life. On one hand it informs man his duties and relationship with God and on the other; it tells man his duties and relationship with his fellow beings. Actually, this dual responsibility, one towards his Creator and the other towards his fellow beings is the sum total of man’s purpose of life. The former tells us what God is and what God is not and that we should worship none but Him. The latter informs that all humans are equal in the sight of Allah. Nobody is high or low due to wealth or worldly power one possesses, or the family he is born in, but by virtuous deeds. It informs man to fulfill his duties towards his fellow beings as a father, mother, child, spouse, neighbour, traveller, etc. In a nutshell, there is not an aspect of man’s life in which religion leaves man unguided.
True religion has to be divine in nature. Man made religion can out rightly be rejected as a religion because religion essentially means connecting man with God. It is to know who our Creator is and what’s our relationship with Him. Man made religion can never throw light on this aspect.
As said earlier that all the prophets invited people to worship none but God and submitted their will to the will of their Creator. The prophets (peace be upon them all) invited men to worship their Creator and Fashioner and follow their way so that they may prosper and be successful, both in this world and the world hereafter. The purpose of sending messengers was to remind mankind the forgotten purpose of life. They invited man to all that was good and forbade all that was bad. They made some things permissible which were good and beneficial and some impermissible which were bad and harmful for man by the command of God. Since, Allah is our Creator, hence only He knows best what is beneficial and what is harmful for man. Nobody else has such knowledge, not even man himself. Man knows only that much which Allah has made him known. Now if man makes things lawful unto himself, which are unlawful and forbidden by God, it will not only harm him, but will also affect his family, society and humanity at large. That’s how evil become prevalent in the society and when it becomes common place and people get used to it, it astonishingly it becomes a law. That’s the beauty of man made laws! For example, Allah has made it lawful for man to marry up to four women.
Marry women of your choice, Two or three or four; but if ye fear that ye shall not be able to deal justly (with them), then only one.
(Qur'aan, Chapter 4, Verse 3)
The above said verse says that man can marry up to four women, but with a condition, i.e., only if he can treat all the four equally and with justice. If he cannot, then he should marry only one. There are various reasons which could be cited for man been given permission to practice limited polygyny (2). First and foremost, I would say that Allah is well aware of the biological, physiological and psychological nature of man and woman as He is their Creator. Hence, He made it permissible for man to practice limited polygyny. May be a time will come when it will be established that limited polygyny is in perfect harmony with the nature of man, just as many teachings of our beloved prophet (peace be upon him) are turning out be in perfect harmony with science and nature as science develops. Please, remember that this Divine Law which Muhammad (peace be upon him) brought is for all times to come and is much advanced, therefore, there would be many things which cannot be proved right now on the basis of reason and logic. Once it is understood that Muhammad (peace be upon him) is the final messenger of God, we should follow his way without probing into each and everything. Probing is fine if it is limited up to some extent, but if we get down to probe everything, we will make our lives difficult. It should also be understood that science is still developing and every prophetic teaching cannot be put to test for the reason mentioned in the foregoing lines that the Divine Law which Muhammad (peace be upon him) brought is for all times to come and is much advanced.
Coming back to limited polygyny, please remember that it’s just permissible (that too with conditions) and not mandatory. In our times we hardly see any Muslim having more than one wife at one time. Secondly, for those in search of reason and logic as to why God made four marriages permissible, I would like to ask those who raise question about men being allowed to have more than one wife that what solution they have if there is a situation where women out number men and this situation could arise in case of war, etc? Marriage is a biological and physical need of man and woman, if it is not fulfilled under the institution of marriage then there is a great possibility that it will be fulfilled out of this institution, which is ethically and morally wrong. Now given an option to choose between a man having up to 4 wives (thereby giving them respect and honour which they deserve as wives) and a man having only one wife (and leaving the excess women to explore other options, which obviously cannot be morally right), which one would we prefer? Of course, if we have any morality left, without an iota of doubt we will choose the option of having a man having up to 4 wives. Logically also it is men whose chances are more to be less in numbers as compared to women, as they are the one whose life is at greater risk as compared to women, as it is they who are involved in jobs where there is great risk of life is involved.
It is nothing but sheer hypocrisy on the part of those, specially the west who try to portray Islamic law of limited polygyny as a taboo. For men in the west, it’s ok to have a wife at home to bear children and girl friends for outdoors and vice versa for women. For them it’s ok to have illicit relations and have illegitimate children, if of course the child in the womb is lucky enough to escape abortion! If their marriage survives for some years (if it at all does), it’s an achievement in itself. Actually, the west has totally gone bankrupt in terms moral values. They have got so much used to immoral ways that it’s not considered immoral to adopt immoral ways. In fact, immorality has become a fashion. As said couple of paragraphs earlier that when evil ways are adopted and when we get used to them, they astonishingly become law. The prostitution is one such example. Now they are exporting same culture to eastern countries and we are more than happy to import and adopt their ways and the end result is before all of us to see. I need not go into details. But thank God, there are signs of morality raising its head in the west, but we have just begun adopting all the filthy and morally degrading ways that the west has to offer. We tend to follow the west blindly whichever way they are headed. If they are headed to nose dive into a ditch, we too will follow them. One may ask why? Prompt comes the reply, it’s a fashion to follow the west! May Allah save us all and help us to use our intellect.
With regard to different religions it is philosophically said that they are just different path ways leading to one same destination, meaning God. If it is so then the teachings of all the religions should also be the same. Why not put them to test and let’s see whether they really lead to the same destination or there is a difference of chalk and cheese (3). It’s not possible to take all religions into consideration as they are mushrooming like anything. We will take only major religions or the so called 'religions' for our study. We will see that what major religions like Hinduism, Christianity and Islam really mean.
The term ‘Hinduism’ has been derived from the word ‘Hindu’. ‘Hindu’ is a Persian word which means dark. The word was first used by Muslims for the inhabitants of the ‘land beyond Indus (Sindhu) river’ and later for the ancient Indians in general. The word was never used in Indian literature or scriptures before the advent Muslims in India. They used the term ‘Hindu’ to mean Indian non-Muslims only. Below I quote the well known figures who have defined Hinduism thus:
“Frankly speaking, it is not possible to say definitely who is a Hindu and what is Hinduism. These questions have been considered again and again by eminent scholars and so far no satisfactory answer has been given. Hinduism has within itself all types of religions such as theism, atheism, polytheism, Adwaitism, Dwaitism, Saivism, Vaishnavism and so forth. It contains nature worship, ancestor worship, animal worship, idol worship, demon worship, symbol worship, self worship and the highest god worship. Its conflicting philosophies will confound any ordinary person. From barbarous practices and dark superstitions, up to the most mystic rites and sublime philosophies, there is a place for all gradations and varieties in Hinduism. Similarly, among the Hindu population are found half barbarian wild tribes, and depressed classes and untouchables, along with similar numbers of cultured, gentle natures and highly evolved souls.”
Swami Dharma Theertha
(Hinduism is)”… a name without any content…Its content, if any, has altered from age to age, from community to community. It meant one thing in the Vedic period, another in the Brahmanical, a third in the Buddhist – one to Saivite, another to Vaishnavite and Sakta.”
Dr. Radhakrishnan, ex-president of India and an eminent interpreter of Hindusim.
“Hinduism, as a faith, is vague, amorphous, many sided, all things to all men. It is hardly possible to define it, or indeed to say definitely whether it is a religion or not, in the usual sense of the word. In its present form, and even in the past, it embraces many beliefs and practices, from the highest to the lowest, often opposed to or contradicting each other.”
Jawaharlal Nehru
Thus we see that Hinduism is not the name of any religion. It’s the name given to people living across river Indus. Therefore, Hinduism is a geographical definition rather than the name of a religion as commonly understood. Though many Hindu scholars sometimes use the word Sanatan Dharma (eternal religion) and sometime Vedic Dharma (religion of the Veda) in place of Hinduism.
The word Christianity comes from the word Christ. Those who follow the teachings of Jesus Christ (peace be upon him) are called Christians. According to Christianity, every child that is born into this world is born with sin because of the original sin. The original sin refers to the sin which was committed by Adam and Eve (peace be upon them) when they ate the fruit of the forbidden tree. Since the parents, that is Adam and Eve (peace be upon them), committed the sin, hence that sin passed on from them to posterity, that is all humans. Since, this sin was so great that it was not possible for man to supplicate before God and seek His forgiveness, therefore God gave His only begotten son in the form of Jesus (peace be upon him) to the world for the atonement (to redeem humanity).
The conception of God in Christianity is extremely ambiguous and difficult to understand. When I got down to write these few lines to define Christianity, I had a book on Christianity in my hand, but could not write a single line for couple hours because it was so confusing to define it. But in my next sitting, by the Grace of Allah, I managed to get started. According to Christianity, God is composed of three persons: the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. This doctrine of God is known as the doctrine of Trinity. In explaining and interpreting this puzzle, the Christian scholars themselves are so divided and different in opinions that it is extremely difficult to arrive with certainty at one conclusion.
Due to lack of space it’s not possible to discuss Christianity in detail neither it’s the purpose here, but it should not go without mention to speak about certain points. Firstly, the doctrine of Trinity is so confusing that even Christian scholars, as said earlier are divided on this. Secondly, how people who came prior to Jesus (peace be upon him) will be redeemed? Thirdly, how can an innocent child be born with sins? Why should he/she bear the burden or made responsible for the mistakes of his/her ancestors? Look at any child, he/she looks so innocent, totally oblivious of the wicked ways of this world. Rather, it is we who misguide him/her to the evil ways. Fourthly, the founder of present day Christianity is Paul and not Jesus (peace be upon him) as commonly understood because Jesus (peace be upon him) never invited people to worship him. In fact, he like all other prophets (peace be upon them) invited people to worship none but God. InshaAllah (God willing), the second part of “The Truth Beckons” will specially be written for the people of the book (i.e., Christians and Jews).
Besides Islam, all religions get their names from their leaders. Christianity gets its name from Christ; Buddhism from Buddha, Jainism from Jain, and Zoroastrianism from Zoroaster and so on and so forth. I have used the word ‘leader’ in place of ‘founder’ (as it is commonly used) because the true prophets (4) never founded any new religion. They taught their followers only what they were commanded by God, that is to invite people to worship none but God and follow their way and guard themselves from evil. These names were given by their followers after they departed from this world. That’s why, for example, we see that there was nothing like Christianity before Christ (May peace be upon him). Religion to God has always been one and that is peaceful submission to His Allah.
Islam comes from the Arabic letters sa-la-ma meaning peace. It also means peaceful submission to the will of Allah. Unlike other religions it is not named after any prophet, not even Muhammad (peace be upon him). Those who use the word Muhammadism are absolutely wrong. There is no such term in Islamic terminology. As said in the beginning of the chapter, majority of people think that Muhammad (peace be upon him) is the founder of Islam. Astonishingly, due to ignorance even some Muslims think that Islam came after coming of the last prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). In fact Islam has been there since the first man Adam (peace be upon him) set his foot on earth. As defined earlier Islam means peaceful submission to the will of Allah. Hence anybody who bows down before none but God and follows His commands is practicing Islam. Therefore all the prophets (peace be upon them) and all the obedient men and women practiced nothing but Islam as they all bowed down before God’s will. Adam, Noah, Joseph, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, Muhammad, etc (peace be upon them all) practiced and lived by Islam and invited others to do the same. Since, Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was an Arab and the Book revealed on him (Qur’aan) was in Arabic, hence the word used for submission to the will of Allah also got to be Arabic, hence Islam. As mentioned earlier that Allah sent messengers in every nook and corner of the world and they all spoke in the language of the people they were sent to, therefore they would have used word similar in meaning to Islam, but in their language. Thus we see that the essence and meaning has always been one, it’s just the language that has changed. Since Muhammad (peace be upon him) was sent as the last and final messenger for all men and women till the end of this world, therefore God made Arabic as a common language for all men and women to make them one Ummah (people), which we are, its just that we do not know. The preceding lines are very important, if these are understood, it’s very easy to under Islam and break all the barriers of narrow mindedness.
Muslim is an Arabic used for those who are obedient to God. Naturally, anybody who bows down before God’s will and becomes obedient to God is called a Muslim. It’s also imperative to remind the readers that a person doesn’t become Muslim or can be truly called a Muslim just by being born and brought up in a Muslim family. Unless and until one doesn’t become obedient to God and follow His last prophet, one cannot be called Muslim in the real sense of the term. Therefore, any person who is not even born and brought up in a Muslim family will be called a Muslim, if he is obedient to God and follows the way of the last prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
The word Muslim can best be explained, as Islam is explained in the preceding lines. Since, Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was an Arab and the Book revealed on him (Qur’aan) was in Arabic, hence the word used for the obedient slaves of God also got to be Arabic, hence, Muslim. As mentioned earlier that Allah sent messengers in every nook and corner of the world and they all spoke in the language of the people they were sent to, therefore they must have used words similar in meaning to the word Muslim, but in their language. Thus the essence and meaning has always been one, it’s just the language that has changed.
On the other hand a rebel is called a Kaafir or a Mushrik in Arabic. Kafir is the term used for one who reject God as one and reject His last messenger Muhammad (peace be upon him). Since, Kufr means rejection and a person can only reject when he is offered something, in this context, Islam. Though on the grounds of piety, one should not call anyone Kafir. Shirk means associating divinity to someone along with God and the one who does this is called Mushrik. In other words, it means associating divine attributes (which are solely for God) to anyone other than God. For example, the power to give life and death solely lies with Allah. If anyone ascribes these attributes to anyone else, it amounts to Shirk.
There is another category of men called Munafiq. It’s an Arabic term meaning hypocrite. This term is used for those people who profess to be Muslims, but they are actually not. It’s been condemned in very strict sense of the term in the Qur'aan. Below I mention a verse of the Qur’aan and a tradition of the prophet (peace be upon him) regarding hypocrisy. The tradition of the prophet (peace be upon him) gives signs of hypocrisy.
"Four traits whoever possesses them is a hypocrite and whoever possesses some of them has an element of hypocrisy until he leaves it: the one who when he speaks he lies, when he promises he breaks his promise, when he disputes he transgresses and when he makes an agreement he violates it."
"The Hypocrites will be in the lowest depths of the Fire: no helper wilt thou find for them."
(Qur'aan, Chapter 4, verse,145)
Thus we see that man, according to God, could be categorised as Muslim, Kaafir/Mushrik and Munafiq. The rest of categorisations are man made and they do not have relevance. The terms like, Hindu, Christian, Jew, Buddhist, Jain, Sikh, etc are all man made.
To summarise what is said in the preceding few paragraphs, it’s important to mention that Qur’aan is in Arabic, therefore Allah has used the term Islam for His religion, Muslim for His obedient servants, Kaafir or Mushrik for the rebels and Munafiq for the hypocrites. Now for instance, if Qur’aan were to be revealed in English instead of Arabic, Allah of course would not have used the words like Islam, Muslim, Kafir, Mushrik and Munafiq. He probably would have used “obedient” in place of Muslims, “rebel” in place of Kaafir or Mushrik, “hypocrite” in place of Munafiq. In the same way some other term would have been used in place of Islam which would have meant peaceful submission to will of Allah.
For instance, the prophet/s which came to India must have spoken in Sanskrit or some other language which had been prevalent at that time. Their religion essentially was Islam, but they must have used some other word in it’s place in their language because all the prophets came from one True God and their basic message was essentially one and the same, i.e., worship your True Lord, do not associate partners unto Him and do righteous deeds.
Islam is something that comes naturally to man. It is nothing but man being to his natural self. For example, it’s in man’s nature to believe in One God. That’s why we see that every one of us proclaims that God of all is one, but its only limited to our tongue. It doesn’t go any further down our throats. In other words, it’s not manifested in our deeds. It’s pretty straight and simple that when we all proclaim that God is one then we should also worship Him as one and as an absolute one.
To explain it further that Islam comes naturally to man, I would like to quote a hadith (tradition) of the prophet. Narrated by Abu Huraira (5) (may Allah be pleased with him), Allah's Apostle said,
"Every child is born with a true faith of Islam (i.e. to worship none but Allah Alone) but his parents convert him to Judaism, Christianity or Magainism (fire worshipper), as an animal delivers a perfect baby animal. Do you find it mutilated?" Then Abu Huraira recited the holy verses:
"The pure Allah's Islamic nature (true faith of Islam) (i.e. worshipping none but Allah) with which He has created human beings. No change let there be in the religion of Allah (i.e. joining none in worship with Allah). That is the straight religion (Islam) but most of men know not." (Qur'aan, Chapter 30, Verse 30)
In the above mentioned hadith of the prophet (peace be upon him), the child (6) refers to any child, whether born to a Hindu, a Muslim, a Sikh or a Christian. He is born to his natural self, i.e., as a believer in one God. That’s why the funeral prayer of a child is different from an adult in Islam. In an adult funeral prayer we beseech Allah to forgive the sins of the dead whereas in a child’s funeral prayer we beseech Allah to make him/her a source for our salvation because children are innocent. If a child dies before reaching the age of puberty he/she will go to Jannah (heaven). God is Just and does not punish the insane and the children who do not have sense to differentiate between right and wrong, between an idol and God. A man is punished by God only when despite having all the faculties functioning well he rebels against God and His commands. Below I mention the Islamic way of offering funeral prayers of both a child and an adult.
Funeral prayer for an adult
O Allah! Forgive those of us that are alive and those that are dead; those of us that are present, and those of us that are absent; those of us that are young and those of us who are adults; O Allah! Whomsoever of us You keep alive, let him live as a follower of Islam; and whomsoever of us You cause to die, let him die a believer.
Funeral prayer for a child (boy or girl)
"O Allah! Cause him/her to become a means of salvation for us, and cause his/her loss to become a means of reward and recompense for us (in the Hereafter), and make him/her for us an intercessor whose intercession be granted by Thee."
Now it’s another matter that those who profess to be Muslims are not Muslims in actual sense of the term. Therefore, it’s very important to mention that we should not get mistaken by them and their behaviour. We still have the Qur’aan and prophet’s life carefully preserved in its pristine form for anyone who aspires to seek the truth and saves himself/herself from the eternal doom.
To sum it up, it must be said that the religion from time in memorial has always been one and that is of peaceful submission to the will of the Allah and in Arabic it is called Islam. Thus we see that God has always been one which is absolute and eternal. The prophets (peace be upon them all) were men like you and me but they were specially chosen people to deliver the divine message to mankind. They were sent to every nation and community to guide mankind to the path of virtue and bliss. They invited men and women to worship none but God and give up superstitious beliefs and customs. This chain of messengers culminated with the coming of the last prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). This is what Qur’aan has to say in regard to the finality of the message brought by Muhammad (peace be upon him)
“This day have I perfected your religion for you, completed My favour upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion.”
(Qur'aan, Chapter 5, Verse 3)
“If anyone desires religion other than Islam, never will it be accepted of him.”
(Qur'aan, Chapter 3, Verse 85)
Since, this Law brought by Muhammad (peace be upon him) is for all times to come till the end of this world, therefore Allah took the responsibility upon Himself to safeguard it from any kind of corruption and interpolation.
Behold, it is We Ourselves who have bestowed from on high, step by step, this reminder? and, behold, it is We who shall truly guard it [from all corruption].
(Qur'aan, Chapter 15, Verse 9)
This is what learned men have to say with regard to the most modern divine Law sent by God for mankind.
“The league of nations founded by the prophet of Islam put the principle of international unity and human brother hood on such universal foundations as to show candle to others nations”
He continues “The fact is that no nation of the world can show a parallel to what Islam has done towards the realisation of the idea of the League of Nations”
Today after a lapse of fourteen centuries, the life and teachings of Muhammad (peace be upon him) have survived without the slighest loss, alteration or interpolation. They offer the same undying hope for treating mankind’s many ills, which they did when he was alive.
This is not the claim of Muhammad’s (peace be upon him) followers but also the inescapable conclusion forced upon by a critical and unbiased history.
Prof. Hurgronje
My problem to write this monograph is easier, because we are not generally fed now on that (distorted) kind of history and much time need not be spent on pointing out our misrepresentations of Islam. The theory of Islam and sword, for instance, is not heard now in any quarter worth the name. The principle of Islam that “there is no compulsion in religion” is well known.
K. S. Ramakrishna Rao in 'Mohammed: The Prophet of Islam,' 1989
“If any religion has a chance of ruling over England, nay Europe within the next hundred years, it could be Islam. I have always held the religion of Muhammad in high estimation because of its wonderful vitality. It is the only religion, which appears to me to possess that assimilating capacity to the changing phase of existence, which can make itself appeal to every age.”
Sir George Bernard Shaw in 'The Genuine Islam,' Vol. 1, No. 8, 1936.
"Islam is a religion that is essentially rationalistic in the widest sense of this term considered etymologically (7) and historically....the teachings of the Prophet, the Qur'an has invariably kept its place as the fundamental starting point, and the dogma of unity of God has always been proclaimed therein with a grandeur a majesty, an invariable purity and with a note of sure conviction, which it is hard to find surpassed outside the pale of Islam....A creed so precise, so stripped of all theological complexities and consequently so accessible to the ordinary understanding might be expected to possess and does indeed possess a marvelous power of winning its way into the consciences of men."
Edward Montet, 'La Propagande Chretienne et ses Adversaries Musulmans,' Paris 1890. (Also in T.W. Arnold in 'The Preaching of Islam,' London 1913.)
"No other religion in history spread so rapidly as Islam. The West has widely believed that this surge of religion was made possible by the sword. But no modern scholar accepts this idea, and the Qur’an is explicit in the support of the freedom of conscience."
James Michener in ‘Islam: The Misunderstood Religion,’ Reader’s Digest, May 1955, pp. 68-70.
I will end this chapter here by just highlighting the one of the quotes mentioned above. It seems like as if Allah has put the following words in Sir George Bernard Shaw’s mouth, when he says, “It is the only religion, which appears to me to possess that assimilating capacity to the changing phase of existence, which can make itself appeal to every age.”
How true! I cannot help but recall one of the points mentioned in argument for Qur’aan being the word of God. It was mentioned there that however great a genius one may be, it is impossible for one to establish rules to solve all kind of problems that mankind may ever encounter till the end of time. This is a miracle of the Qur’aan to adapt itself with the changing times. It indeed is a living miracle of the last prophet Muhammad (may peace be upon him).
God, the most merciful has done so much favour on us by giving a perfect and complete way of life in the form of Islam and also took the responsibility upon Himself to safeguard and preserve it, nay we humans corrupt it like other revealed scriptures before Qur’aan, yet we adopt outdated and antiquated ways of life and call ourselves modern. Imagine a man of 21st century reaching for the stars, the moons and other planets and exploring the hidden treasures of the world, yet bowing down before lifeless stones and idols and proclaiming himself to be modern. This is such a paradox. This man of 21st century does not accept anything which defies his reason and logic, but somehow he accepts the age old customs and traditions, which fail every test of reason and logic. May Allah lift the veils from our eyes and open our breasts to accept the Truth which is so clearly manifested in the nature around us and within our ownselves.
Words explained:
1. Islam is actually a ‘Deen’. Deen is an Arabic word meaning ‘way of life’. But for the convenience of the readers, I have used the word ‘religion’ in place of ‘Deen’. Actually, the Arabic language used in the Qur’aan is so rich that it’s not possible to literally translate it into any other language.
2. Polygyny: polygamy in which one man has more than one wife
3. Two things, which are superficially alike but are in fact are totally different.
4. When I say true prophets, I mean to say that it’s not necessary that the leaders of all the religions were prophets and it is after their demise that people started worshipping them and gave their teachings the name of religion after their name. As already mentioned in the chapter ‘Messeneger of God’, we know only 25 such prophets by name through Qur’aan. Therefore, those names that are not mentioned in the Qur’aan, we cannot say whether they were prophets or not.
5. A companion of the prophet
6. In Islam, child is one who has not reached the age of puberty. Once a child reaches the age of puberty, he/she is considered to be having wisdom to differentiate between right and wrong. Now if he/she associates partners unto God, worships things and objects other than God, he/she is liable to punishment.
7. Etymology: Science of the origin and history of words
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